• Red deer antlers stimulate Th1 lymphocytes while reducing Th2 (however, it lowers typical inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF alpha, IL-6, IL-12). 

Source: https://hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/481318/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21584242/

• May potentially increase the level of insulin-like growth factor IGF-1. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23996390/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3004953/

• Protects against osteoporosis by inhibiting the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6 (polypeptides contained in antlers are responsible for this). It has been suggested that it can be of great help in postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23993908/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24212078/

• Deer antler extract supplements contain natural human IGF-1. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23996390/

• Antler powder reduces high blood pressure. It improves the mental stability and the adaptation potential of the body. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24665594/

• There are as many as 18 steroid hormones in the antlers. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23870893/

• Antlers can inhibit the production of NO nitric oxide and inhibit inflammation. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27152107/

• Red deer antlers stimulate the proliferation of splenocytes and increase the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells by increasing the CD4 + / CD8 + cell ratio, therefore it has a specific virucidal effect. Accordingly, it increases and lowers the activity of th1 and th2 lymphocytes - it is an immunomodulator (all thanks to the peptides contained in it). 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23562758/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27600490/

• In Chinese medicine (TCM), antlers are used to heal wounds, cuts and burns faster. Scientific research confirms these properties (thanks to the polypeptides contained in the antlers). 

Source:  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22198348/

• It inhibits the MMP-9 metalloproteinase and VEGF factor - it is very useful in the treatment of Bartonella and Lyme disease. MMP-9 is a metalloproteinase responsible, among others, for joint problems in various bacterial infections. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26761873/

• Deer antler (extract) accelerates growth and improves bone formation in maturing rats. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26366186/

• It inhibits the cytokine TGF beta1, thus demonstrating anti-fibrotic properties. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27108788/

• A study in which deer antler polypeptides restored mobility in mice that had damaged spinal cord. The core regeneration effect increased with increasing the dose of the extract. During the application, swelling and inflammation of the tissues disappeared. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19102191/

• Deer antler polypeptides have antioxidant properties against osteoarthritis, which may protect bones and joints in RA. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21485578/

• Antler polypeptides can protect chondrocytes (cartilage cells) from death, lower metalloproteinases that contribute to joint inflammation (MMP1 and MMP-13), and maintain normal bone metabolism (balance between bone formation and resorption, i.e. bone destruction). 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21750784/

• Increases the production of extracellular matrix in skin fibroblasts. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20548908/

• Antler polypeptides stimulate the multiplication of nerve stem cells - this can be achieved with the regular use of the extract in an appropriate dose. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15642224/

• There are differences in the content of health-promoting substances in different varieties of deer - for example, red deer antler extract has a stronger effect in the multiplication of chondrocytes than sour deer antler extract. Both extracts differ significantly in bioavailability and composition. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12776321/

• It inhibits the accumulation of fat in the liver and reduces the size of adipocytes (fat cells), therefore it prevents obesity and related diseases. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28507477/

• Antlers accelerate the healing of diabetic wounds (gel with antler extract). 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650473/

• It inhibits the accumulation of fat in the liver and reduces the size of adipocytes (fat cells), therefore it prevents obesity and related diseases. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28507477/

• Antlers accelerate the healing of diabetic wounds (gel with antler extract). 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650473/

 

• May be useful in the case of problems with the heart muscle (e.g. myocardial ischemia) and cardiological problems. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22611434/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19894547/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28177676/

• It stimulates the multiplication of splenocytes and macrophages while inhibiting inflammatory cytokines. It inhibits the multiplication of staphylococcus aureus (golden staph). 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21584242/

• Red deer antlers extract accelerate the healing of fractures by increasing the multiplication of chondrocytes and osteoblast precursors. 

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10452108/

 

References:

1. Effect of the Velvet Antler of Formosan Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor swinhoei) on the Prevention of an Allergic Airway Response in Mice, https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/481318/

2. The Antiinfective Effects of Velvet Antler of Formosan Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor swinhoei) on Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Mice, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21584242/

3. Detection of human insulin-like growth factor-1 in deer antler velvet supplements, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23996390/

4. Gene Expression of Axon Growth Promoting Factors in the Deer Antler, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3004953/

5. The anti-osteoporotic effect of velvet antler polypeptides from Cervus elaphus Linnaeus in ovariectomized rats, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23993908/

6. Comparison of chemical compositions and osteoprotective effects of different sections of velvet antler, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24212078/

7. The clinical and functional rationale for the application of the baths containing the Siberian Stag velvet antler extracts in the rehabilitative treatment of the patients presenting with arterial hypertension and concomitant chronic psychoemothional overtension, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24665594/

8. Simultaneous determination of eighteen steroid hormones in antler velvet by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23870893/

9. Anti-inflammatory effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of velvet antler in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro and zebrafish model, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27152107/

10. Immunomodulatory effects of a 3.2kDa polypeptide from velvet antler of Cervus nippon Temminck, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23562758/

11. A recombinant polypeptide from velvet antler of Cervus nippon Temminck exhibits similar immunomodulatory effects as its natural counterpart, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27600490/

12. Wound healing by a 3.2 kDa recombinant polypeptide from velvet antler of Cervus nippon Temminck, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22198348/

13. First Evidence that Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Velvet Antler Extract Suppresses Migration of Human Prostate Cancer Cells, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26761873/

14. The Effects of Elk Velvet Antler Dietary Supplementation on Physical Growth and Bone Development in Growing Rats, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26366186/

15. Velvet antler peptide prevents pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis via transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 pathway inhibition, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27108788/

16. Protective effect of velvet antler polypeptide (VAP) on rats with the spinal cord injury, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19102191/

17. Experimental study of velvet antler polypeptides against oxidative damage of osteoarthritis cartilage cells, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21485578/

18. The effects of velvet antler polypeptides on the phenotype and related biological indicators of osteoarthritic rabbit chondrocytes, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21750784/

19. Stimulation of the extracellular matrix production in dermal fibroblasts by velvet antler extract, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20548908/

20. Biological effect of velvet antler polypeptides on neural stem cells from embryonic rat brain, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15642224/

21. A comparison of chemical composition and bioactivity of polypeptides from velvet antlers of Cervus nippon Temminck and Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12776321/

22. Enzymatic hydrolysate from velvet antler suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and attenuates obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28507477/

23. Effects of topical elk velvet antler on cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15650473/

24. The Effects of Velvet Antler of Deer on Cardiac Functions of Rats with Heart Failure following Myocardial Infarction, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22611434/

25. Protective effects of peptides from velvet antler of Cervus nippon on acute ischemic myocardial injury in rats, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19894547/

26. Protective effects and plausible mechanisms of antler-velvet polypeptide against hydrogen peroxide induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28177676/

27. Velvet antler polypeptides promoted proliferation of chondrocytes and osteoblast precursors and fracture healing, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10452108/